Ohio Slave Law Summary and RecordClose

Ohio Laws on Slavery from the Colonial Era to the Civil War

TYPEYEARLAWS/CODESDESCRIPTION
Free blacks1804StatuteNo black or mulatto person was permitted to settle in the State of Ohio unless he/she posted a $500 bond. Persons who failed to comply were to be removed.
Harboring a black1804StatuteIt was unlawful for a resident to employ or harbor a black who had not posted the necessary bond. Fine: up to $100.
Testimony1804StatuteNo black or mulatto person was permitted to testify in court where either party was a white person.
Kidnapping1807StatuteIt was unlawful to kidnap a free black or mulatto with the intent to transport such free person out of the State. High misdemeanor punishable with imprisonment in the penitentiary between one and ten years.
Free blacks1816StatutePersons of color were required to produce a certificate declaring their freedom from a court before they would be allowed to settle in the State. Citizens were not permitted to hire blacks, unless they produced a certificate of freedom.
Harboring a slave1816StatutePersons found harboring any black who belonged to another would be fined between $10-$50 upon conviction.
Runaways1816Statute Persons claiming any black or mulatto in Ohio as their property were to apply to any associate judge or justice of the peace. If such citizen proved rightful ownership of the black person under question, he was to pay $1,000, half to the informer and half to the State.
Legal status1821Court decisionCourt stated that quadroons had all the rights, privileges, and duties of whites.
Colonization1824ResolutionResolution passed by legislature urged colonization of enslaved blacks after emancipation.
Free blacks1831StatuteBlacks or mulatto persons were required to present a certificate of freedom before being permitted to reside in the State.
Fugitive slaves1839StatuteStrict fugitive slave law was passed.
Fugitive slaves1857Statute"Personal liberty" law passed prohibiting the use of State jails in fugitive slave cases. Repealed one year later.